Biotechnological research and development should continue to drive much faster than average employment growth.

A Ph.D. is usually required for independent research, but a bachelor's degree is sufficient for some jobs in applied research or product development; temporary postdoctoral research positions are common.

Competition for independent research positions in academia is expected.

Job opportunities should be favorable.

Employment will grow as sonography becomes an increasingly attractive alternative to radiological procedures.

Hospitals employed about 59 percent of all sonographers.

Sonographers may receive education and training in hospitals, vocational-technical institutions, colleges or universities, or the Armed Forces.

Employment is projected to grow as fast as the average for all occupations.

Emergency medical technicians and paramedics need formal training and certification or licensure, but requirements vary by State.

Emergency services function 24 hours a day, so emergency medical technicians and paramedics have irregular working hours.

Opportunities will be best for those who have earned advanced certifications.

Fire fighting involves hazardous conditions and long, irregular hours.

About 9 out of 10 fire fighters were employed by local governments.

Applicants generally must pass written, physical, and medical examinations, and candidates with some postsecondary education are increasingly preferred.

Keen competition for jobs is expected because this occupation attracts many qualified candidates.

The educational backgrounds of these workers vary considerably, reflecting the diversity of duties and levels of responsibility.

College graduates and those who have earned certification should have the best job and advancement opportunities.

Human resources occupations require strong interpersonal skills.

Much faster than average growth is expected during the projection period.

Most training programs last about 1 year and are offered by vocational or technical schools or community or junior colleges.

Overall job prospects are expected to be very good, but job outlook varies by industry.

Replacement needs will be a major source of job openings, as many workers leave the occupation permanently.

Long hours, including night and weekend work, are common.

Employment is projected to grow more slowly than the average for all occupations.

College graduates with degrees in hotel or hospitality management should have better opportunities for jobs at full-service hotels and for advancement than those without a degree.

Job opportunities will be good, especially for applicants with work experience in healthcare and strong business and management skills.

A master's degree is the standard credential, although a bachelor's degree is adequate for some entry-level positions.

Medical and health services managers typically work long hours and may be called at all hours to deal with problems.