Faster than average growth is expected as agricultural and food scientists develop new products using biotechnology and work to limit the negative environmental impact of agriculture.

A bachelor's degree in agricultural science is sufficient for most jobs in product development; a master's or Ph.D. degree is generally required for research positions.

Opportunities are expected to be good.

Biotechnological research and development should continue to drive much faster than average employment growth.

A Ph.D. is usually required for independent research, but a bachelor's degree is sufficient for some jobs in applied research or product development; temporary postdoctoral research positions are common.

Competition for independent research positions in academia is expected.

About 68 percent of conservation scientists and foresters work for Federal, State, or local governments.

Most jobs require a bachelor's degree; research and teaching positions usually require a graduate degree.

Foresters and conservation scientists should enjoy working outdoors, be able to tolerate extensive walking and other types of physical exertion, and be willing to relocate to find work.

In addition to job openings from growth, many openings are expected as today's conservation scientists and foresters retire.

In addition to high school course offerings in automotive repair and electronics, programs in diesel engine repair are offered by many community colleges and trade and technical schools.

Opportunities are expected to be very good for people who complete formal training programs; applicants without formal training will face competition for jobs.

National certification, the recognized standard of achievement, enhances a diesel service technician’s advancement opportunities.

Many jobs require a master’s or doctoral degree and experience in a related occupation, such as teaching or admissions counseling.

Strong interpersonal and communication skills are essential because much of an administrator’s job involves working and collaborating with others.

Excellent opportunities are expected for most jobs.

Federal, State, and local governments employ 44 percent of all environmental scientists and specialists.

A bachelor’s degree in any life or physical science is generally sufficient for most entry-level positions, although many employers prefer a master’s degree.

Job prospects are expected to be favorable, particularly for environmental health workers in State and local government.

Modern farming requires knowledge of new developments in agriculture, often gained through growing up on a farm or through postsecondary education.

Overall employment is projected to decline because of increasing productivity and consolidation of farms.

Small-scale, local farming, particularly horticulture and organic farming, offer the best opportunities for entering the occupation.

Fire fighting involves hazardous conditions and long, irregular hours.

About 9 out of 10 fire fighters were employed by local governments.

Applicants generally must pass written, physical, and medical examinations, and candidates with some postsecondary education are increasingly preferred.

Keen competition for jobs is expected because this occupation attracts many qualified candidates.

This occupation is characterized by strenuous work, long hours, seasonal employment, and some of the most hazardous conditions in the workforce.

About 56 percent of all workers are self-employed, among the highest proportions in the workforce.

Fishers usually begin as deckhands and acquire their occupational skills on the job.

Employment is projected to decline moderately.

    •    Nature of the Work
    •    Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement
    •    Employment
    •    Job Outlook
    •    Projections
    •    Earnings
    •    Wages
    •    Related Occupations
    •    Sources of Additional Information

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About 21 percent of landscape architects are self-employed—almost 3 times the proportion for all occupations.

Almost all States require landscape architects to be licensed, which generally requires a degree in landscape architecture from an accredited school, work experience, and a passing score on the Landscape Architect Registration Exam.

Good job opportunities are expected, but new graduates may face competition for jobs in the largest and most prestigious firms.

Most grounds maintenance workers need no formal education and are trained on the job; however, some workers may require formal education.

Occupational characteristics include full-time and part-time jobs, seasonal jobs, physically demanding work, and low earnings.

Job opportunities are expected to be good.