About 34 percent of atmospheric scientists are employed by the Federal Government; most of these work in the National Weather Service.

A bachelor's degree in meteorology, or in a closely related field with courses in meteorology, is the minimum educational requirement; a master's degree is necessary for some positions, and a Ph.D. degree is required for most basic research positions.

Keen competition is expected for jobs; those with graduate degrees should enjoy better prospects than those with only a bachelor’s degree.

A bachelor's degree in chemistry or a related discipline is the minimum educational requirement; however, many research jobs require a master's degree or a Ph.D.

Job growth will occur in professional, scientific, and technical services firms as manufacturing companies continue to outsource their research and development and testing operations to these smaller, specialized firms.

New chemists at all levels may experience competition for jobs, particularly in declining chemical manufacturing industries; graduates with a master's degree, and particularly those with a Ph.D., will enjoy better opportunities at larger pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms.

Employment is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations.

A bachelor's degree in a computer-related field usually is required for management positions, although employers often prefer a graduate degree, especially an MBA with technology as a core component.

Many managers possess advanced technical knowledge gained from working in a computer occupation.
Job prospects should be excellent.

Most computer scientists are required to possess a Ph.D.

Employment is projected to increase much faster than the average for all occupations.

Job prospects are expected to be excellent.

Most engineering and natural sciences managers have formal education and work experience as engineers, scientists, or mathematicians.

Opportunities will be best for scientists and engineers with strong communication and business management skills.

Thirty-six percent of jobs are in manufacturing industries, and 33 percent are in professional, scientific, and technical services.

Electrical and electronic engineering technicians make up 33 percent of all engineering technicians.

Employment of engineering technicians is influenced by economic conditions similar to those which affect engineers; as a result, job outlook varies by specialty.

Opportunities will be best for individuals with an associate degree or other postsecondary training in engineering technology.

Work at remote field sites is common.

Twenty-three percent of all geoscientists and hydrologists are employed in government.

Employers prefer applicants with a master's degree for most positions; a Ph.D. degree is required for most research and college teaching positions.

Excellent job opportunities are expected for geoscientists with a master's degree.

Candidates should have strong quantitative and computer skills; employers prefer workers who have completed advanced math courses.

Employment is projected to grow much faster than average.

Individuals with a master's or Ph.D. degree in operations research or management science should have excellent employment prospects; some entry-level positions are available to those with a bachelor’s degree.

Scientific research and development services firms and the Federal Government employ over half of all physicists and astronomers.

Most jobs in basic research usually require a doctoral degree; master's degree holders qualify for some jobs in applied research and development; bachelor's degree holders often qualify as research assistants or for other physics-related occupations, such as technicians.

Applicants may face competition for basic research positions due to limited funding; however, those with a background in physics or astronomy may have good opportunities in related fields, such as engineering and technology.

About 30 percent of statisticians work for Federal, State, and local governments; private-industry employers include scientific research and development services, insurance carriers, and pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing.

A master's degree in statistics or mathematics is the minimum educational requirement for most jobs.

Individuals with a degree in statistics are likely to have opportunities in a variety of fields.

About 7 out of 10 jobs were in architectural, engineering, and related services.

Employment is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations.

Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists who have a bachelor's degree and strong technical skills should have favorable job prospects.