A strong background in mathematics is essential.

Actuaries generally have a bachelor’s degree and must pass a series of examinations—often taking 4 to 8 years—to gain full professional status.

Competition for jobs will be keen as the number of qualified candidates is expected to exceed the number of positions available.

About 55 percent of actuaries are employed by insurance carriers.

About 34 percent of atmospheric scientists are employed by the Federal Government; most of these work in the National Weather Service.

A bachelor's degree in meteorology, or in a closely related field with courses in meteorology, is the minimum educational requirement; a master's degree is necessary for some positions, and a Ph.D. degree is required for most basic research positions.

Keen competition is expected for jobs; those with graduate degrees should enjoy better prospects than those with only a bachelor’s degree.

Fire fighting involves hazardous conditions and long, irregular hours.

About 9 out of 10 fire fighters were employed by local governments.

Applicants generally must pass written, physical, and medical examinations, and candidates with some postsecondary education are increasingly preferred.

Keen competition for jobs is expected because this occupation attracts many qualified candidates.

About 21 percent of landscape architects are self-employed—almost 3 times the proportion for all occupations.

Almost all States require landscape architects to be licensed, which generally requires a degree in landscape architecture from an accredited school, work experience, and a passing score on the Landscape Architect Registration Exam.

Good job opportunities are expected, but new graduates may face competition for jobs in the largest and most prestigious firms.

About 26 percent of lawyers are self-employed, either as partners in law firms or in solo practices.

Formal requirements to become a lawyer usually include a 4-year college degree, 3 years of law school, and passing a written bar examination; however, some requirements may vary by State.

Competition for admission to most law schools is intense.

Competition for job openings should be keen because of the large number of students graduating from law school each year.

Employment growth and high replacement needs in this large occupation will result in numerous job openings.

Prospects should be best for those with knowledge of basic computer applications and office machinery.

Part-time and temporary positions are common.

This occupation ranks among those with the largest number of job openings.

Opportunities should be best for applicants with extensive knowledge of computer software applications.

Secretaries and administrative assistants are increasingly assuming responsibilities once reserved for managerial and professional staff.